1. Darwish MA, Raouf TA, et al. Risk factors associated with a high seroprevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in Egyptian blood donors. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1993;49:440-7.
2. Al-Faleh FZ, Ayoola EA, Al-Jeffry M et al. Prevalence of antibody to hepatitis C virus among Saudi Arabian children: a community-based study. Hepatology 1991;14:215-8.
3. Hsu HH, Wright TL, Luba D et al. Failure to detect hepatitis C virus genome in human secretions with the polymerase chain reaction. Hepatology 1991;14:763-7.
4. Young KC, Chang TT, Liou TC, Wu HL. Detection of hepatitis C virus RNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and in saliva. J Med Virol 1993;41:55-60.
5. Liou TC, Chang TT, Young KC et al. Detection of HCV RNA in saliva, urine, seminal fluid, and ascites. J Med Virol 1992;37:197-202.
6. Alter MJ, Holland PV. Morrow AG et al. Clinical and serological analysis of transfusion-associated hepatitis. Lancet 1975;2:838-841.
7. Alter MJ. Residual risk of transfusion-associated hepatitis. NIH Consensus Development Conference on Infectious Disease Testing for Blood Transfusions. Bethesda, National Institutes of Health1995;23-27.
8. Berrera JM, Brugera M, Guadalupe E et al. Incidence of non-A, non-B hepatitis after screening blood donors for antibodies for hepatitis C virus and surrogate markers. Ann Intern Med 1991;115:596-600.
9. Steven K. Herrine MD, David S, Weinberg MD, MSc, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pa. Epidemiology of Hepatitis C Viral Infection. Infect Med 1999;16(2):111-117.
10. Bjoro K, Froland SS, Yun Z et al. Hepatitis C infection in patients with primary hypogammaglobulinemia after treatment with contaminated immune globulin. N Engl J Med 1994;331:1607-1611.
11. Thomas DL, Vlahov D, Solomon L et al. Correlates of hepatitis C virus infection among injection drug users. Medicine 1995;74:212-220.
12. Fingerhood MI, Jasinski DR, Sullivan JT. Prevalence of hepatitis C in a chemically dependent population. Arch Intern Med 1991;153:764-768.
13. Conry-Cantilena C, VanRaden M, Gibble J et al. Routes of infection, viremia, and liver disease in blood donors found to have hepatitis C virus infection. N Engl J Med 1996;334:1691-1696.
14. National Institutes of Health. National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference panel statement. Hepatology 1997;(suppl) 26:S2-S10.
15. Pereira BJG, Levey AS. Hepatitis C virus infection in dialysis and renal transplantation. Kidney Int 1997;51:981-999.
16. Pereira BJG, Wright TL, Schmid CH et al. The impact of pretransplantation hepatitis C infection in the outcome of renal transplantation. Transplantation 1995;60:799-805.
17. Ynares C, Johnson HK, Kerlin T et al. Impact of pretransplant hepatitis C antibody status upon long-term patient and renal allograft survival, a 5 and 10 year follow-up. Transplant Proc 1993;55:1466-1468.
18. Chan TM, Lok ASF, Cheng IKP et al. A Prospective Study of Hepatitis C virus infection among renal transplant patients. Gastroenterology 1993;104:862-868.
19. Sampietro M, Baladamenti S, Salvadori S et al. High prevalence of rare hepatitis C virus in patients treated in the same hemodialysis unit: Evidence for nosocomial transmission of HCV. Kidney Int 1995;47:911-917.
20. Alter MJ et al. Hepatitis C. Infect Dis Clin North Am 1998;12(1):13-26.
21. Thomas DL et al. Viral hepatitis in health care personnel at The Johns Hopkins Hospital. The seroprevalence of and risk factors for hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection. Arch Intern Med 1993;153(14):1705-12.
22. Thomas DL et al. Occupational risk of hepatitis C infections among general dentists and oral surgeons in North America. Am J Med 1996;100(1):41-5.
23. Mitsui T et al. Hepatitis C virus infection in medical personnel after needlestick accident. Hepatology 1992;16(5):1109-14.
24. Alter MJ. Occupational exposure to hepatitis C virus: a dilemma. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1994;15(12):742-4.
25. Puro V, N Petrosillo and G Ippolito. Risk of hepatitis C seroconversion after occupational exposures in health care workers. Italian Study Group on Occupational Risk of HIV and Other Bloodborne Infections. Am J Infect Control 1995;23(5):273-7.
26. Puro V et al. Occupational hepatitis C virus infection in Italian health care workers. Italian Study Group on Occupational Risk of Bloodborne Infections. Am J Public Health 1995;85(9):1272-5.
27. Esteban JI et al. Transmission of hepatitis C virus by a cardiac surgeon. N Engl J Med 1996;334(9):555-60.
28. Murphy EL et al. Risk factors for hepatitis C virus infection in United States blood donors. NHLBI Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study (REDS). Hepatology 2000;31(3):756-62.
29. Conry-Cantilena C et al. Routes of infection, viremia, and liver disease in blood donors found to have hepatitis C virus infection. N Engl J Med 1996;334(26):1691-6.
30. Tumminelli F et al. Shaving as potential source of hepatitis C virus infection. Lancet 1995;345(8950):658.
31. Abildgaard N and NA Peterslund, Hepatitis C virus transmitted by tattooing needle. Lancet 1991;338(8764):460.
32. Thompson SC et al. Hepatitis C transmission through tattooing: a case report. Aust N Z J Public Health 1996;20(3):317-8.
33. Marcellin P et al. Prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in asymptomatic anti-HIV1 negative pregnant women and their children. Dig Dis Sci 1993;38(12):2151-5.
34. Marranconi F et al. Prevalence of anti-HCV and risk factors for hepatitis C virus infection in healthy pregnant women. Infection, 1994;22(5):333-7.
35. Leikin EL et al. Epidemiologic predictors of hepatitis C virus infection in pregnant women. Obstet Gynecol 1994;84(4):529-34.
36. Hillemanns P et al. [Prevalence and follow-up of hepatitis C virus infection in pregnancy]. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 1998;202(3):127-30.
37. Resti M et al. Mother to child transmission of hepatitis C virus: prospective study of risk factors and timing of infection in children born to women seronegative for HIV-1. Tuscany Study Group on Hepatitis C Virus Infection. BMJ 1998;317(7156):437-41.
38. Conte D et al. Prevalence and clinical course of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and rate of HCV vertical transmission in a cohort of 15,250 pregnant women. Hepatology 2000;31(3):751-5.
39. Granovsky M.O et al. Hepatitis C virus infection in the mothers and infants cohort study. Pediatrics 1998;102(2 Pt 1):355-9.
40. Yeung LT, SM King and EA Roberts, Mother-to-infant transmission of hepatitis C virus. Hepatology 2001;34(2):223-9.
41. Dore GJ, JM Kaldor and GW McCaughan. Systematic review of role of polymerase chain reaction in defining infectiousness among people infected with hepatitis C virus. BMJ 1997;315(7104):333-7.
42. Spencer JD et al. Transmission of hepatitis C virus to infants of human immunodeficiency virus-negative intravenous drug-using mothers: rate of infection and assessment of risk factors for transmission. J Viral Hepat 1997;4(6):395-409.
43. Tovo PA et al. Increased risk of maternal-infant hepatitis C virus transmission for women coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Italian Study Group for HCV Infection in Children. Clin Infect Dis 1997;25(5):1121-4.
44. Thomas DL et al. Perinatal transmission of hepatitis C virus from human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected mothers. Women and Infants Transmission Study. J Infect Dis 1998;177(6):1480-8.
45. Alter MJ et al. Importance of heterosexual activity in the transmission of hepatitis B and non-A, non-B hepatitis. JAMA 1989;262(9):1201-5.
46. Murphy EL, S Bryzman and AE Williams. Prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in the United States. N Engl J Med 1999;341(27):2093; discussion 2094-5.
47. Gordon SC et al. Lack of evidence for the heterosexual transmission of hepatitis C. Am J Gastroenterol 1992;87(12):1849-51.
48. Eyster ME et al. Heterosexual co-transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Ann Intern Med 1991;115(10):764-8.
49. Brettler DB et al. The low risk of hepatitis C virus transmission among sexual partners of hepatitis C-infected hemophilic males: an international, multicenter study. Blood 1992;80(2):540-3.
50. Zylberberg H et al. Epidemiological and virological analysis of couples infected with hepatitis C virus. Gut 1999;45(1):112-6.
51. CDC. Recommendations for prevention and control of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and HCV-related chronic disease. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1998;47(RR-19):1-39.
52. Wu JC et al. Prevalence, infectivity, and risk factor analysis of hepatitis C virus infection in prostitutes. J Med Virol 1993;39(4): 312-7.
53. Lissen E et al. Hepatitis C virus infection among sexually promiscuous groups and the heterosexual partners of hepatitis C virus infected index cases. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1993;12(11):827-31.
54. Hyams KC et al Three-year incidence study of retroviral and viral hepatitis transmission in a Peruvian prostitute population. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 1993;6(12):1353-7.
55. Alter MJ. Hepatitis C virus infection in the United States. J Hepatol, 1999;31(Suppl 1):88-91.
56. Osmond DH et al. Comparison of risk factors for hepatitis C and hepatitis B virus infection in homosexual men. J Infect Dis 1993;167(1):66-71.
57. MacDonald MN, Crofts and J. Kaldor. Transmission of hepatitis C virus: rates, routes, and cofactors. Epidemiol Rev 1996;18(2):137-48.
58. Donahue JG et al. Antibody to hepatitis C virus among cardiac surgery patients, homosexual men, and intravenous drug users in Baltimore, Maryland. Am J Epidemiol 1991;134(10):1206-11.
59. Padian NS, SC Shiboski NP. Jewell, Female-to-male transmission of human immunodeficiency virus. JAMA 1991;266(12):1664-7.
60. Kingsley LA et al. Sexual transmission efficiency of hepatitis B virus and human immunodeficiency virus among homosexual men. JAMA 1990;264(2):230-4.
61. Kuo G et al. An assay for circulating antibodies to a major etiologic virus of human non-A, non-B hepatitis. Science 1989;244(4902)362-4.
62. Alter MJ, Mast EE. The epidemiology of viral hepatitis in the United States. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 1994;23:437-455.
63. Alter MJ et al. Risk factors for acute non-A, non-B hepatitis in the United States and association with hepatitis C virus infection. JAMA1990;264(17):2231-5.
64. DiBiscieglie AM, McHutchinson Rice CM. New Therapeutic Strategies for Hepatitis C.Hepatology 2002(35):224-231.
65. Hadziyannis S et al. OP EASL 2002.
66. Fried MW et al. Pegylated (40 KDa) interferon alfa-2a in combination with ribavirin: Efficacy and safety results from a phase III randomized, actively-controlled, multicenter study. Gastroenterology 2001;(120)Suppl 1:A55.
67. Manns MP et al. Peginterferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin compared with interferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin for initial treatment of chronic hepatitis C: a randomised trial. Lancet 2001;(358):958-65.
68. Kjaergard LL et al. Ribavirin with or without alpha interferon versus no intervention, placebo or alpha interferon for chronic hepatitis C. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2002;(1):CD002234.
69. Poynard T et al. Impact of Pegylated Interferon Alfa-2b and Ribavirin on liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Gastroenterology 2002;(122):1303-1313.
70. Okanue T et al. Transient biochemical response in interferon therapy decreases the development of hepatocellular carcinoma for five years and improves the long-term survival of crhonic hepatitis C patients. Hepatol Res 2002;(23):62-77.
71. Araújo ESA et al. Hepatitis C viral load does not predict disease outcome: going beyond numbers. Rev Inst Med Trop São Paulo 2002;(44):71-78.
72. Samuel CE. Antiviral actions of interferons. Clinical Microbiology Reviews 2001;(14):778-809.
73. NIH Consensus Development Conference. Management of Hepatitis C: 2002. Program and Absctracts Book.
74. Cawthorne CH et al. Limited success of HCV antiviral therapy in United States veterans. Am J Gastr 2002;(97):149-155.
75. Falck-Ytter Y et al. Surprinsingly small effect of antiviral treatment in patients with hepatitis C. Ann Intern Med 2002;(136):288-292.
76. Muir AJ, Provenzale D. A descriptive evaluation of eligibility for therapy among veterans with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. J Clin Gastroenterl 2002;(34):268-271.
77. Abbas Z et al. High sustained response to daily dosing of interferon with ribavirin in chronic hepatitis C patients naïve to therapy. L Gastroenterol Hepatol 2002;(17):577-581.
78. DeMaria N et al. Impaired response to high-dose interferon treatment in African-Americans with chronic hepatitis C. Hepatogastroenterology 2002;(49):788-92.
79. Monografia Pegasys, ROCHE 2002.
80. Araujo ESA et al. Tratamento da hepatite C em idosos. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 2002;(35)Supl1:287.
81. Beckkering FC et al. Changes in anti-viral effectiveness of interferon after dose reduction in chronic hepatitis c patients: a case control study. BMC Gastroenterology 2001;(1):14.
82. Farci P et al. Early changes in hepatitis C viral quasispecies during interferon therapy predict the therapeutic outcome. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2002;(5):3081-6.
83. Guerret S et al. Long-term administration of interferon alpha in non-responder patients with chronic hepatitis C: follow-up of liver fibrosis over 5 years.
84. Shiffmam ML. Management of interferon therapy non-responders. Clin Liver Dis 2001;(4):1025-43.
85. Poynard T. Hepatitis B and C Management and treatment. Martin Dunitz Ed 2002 First edition.
86. Alter HJ, Seef LB. Recovery, persistence and sequelae in Hepatitis C Virus infection: a perspective on long-term outcome. Seminars in Liver Disease 2000;(20):17-33.
87. Charlton M. Hepatitis C infection in liver transplantation. Am J Transplant 2001 Sep;1(3):197-203.
88. Crippin JS et al. A pilot study of the tolerability and efficacy of antiviral therapy in hepatitis C virus-infected patients awaiting liver transplantation. Liver Transpl 2002 Apr;8(4):350-5.
89. Garcia-Retortillo M et al. Hepatitis C vírus kinetics during and immediately after liver transplantation. Hepatology 2002Mar; 35(3):680-7.
90. Ghobrial RM et al. A 10-year axperience of liver transplantation for hepatitis C: analysis of factors determining outcome in over 500 patients. Ann Surg 2001 Sep;234(3):384-93.
91. Kornberg A et al. Long-term combination of interferon alfa-2b and ribavirin for hepatitis C recurrence in liver transplant patients. Am J Tranplant 2001 Nov;1(4):350-5.
92. Loinaz C et al. Liver transplantation and hepatitis C virus. Results in a Spanish center sine 1989. Hepatogastroenterology 2001Sep-Oct; 48(41):1435-42.
93. Marroquin CE et al. Transplantation of hepatitis C-positive livers in hepatitis C-positive patients is equivalent to transplanting hepatitis C-negative livers. Liver Transpl 2001Sep;7(9):762-8.
94. Narayanan Menon KV et al. Treatment of posttransplantation recurrence of hepatitis C with interferon and ribavirin: lessons on tolerability and efficacy. Liver Transpl 2001Jul;8(7):623-9.
95. PaikSW et al. Outcome of orthotopic liver transplantation in patients with hepatitis C. Dig Dis Sci 2002Feb;47(2):450-5.
96. Williams M et al. Liver transplantation and hepatitis C. Transpl Int 2002;15(2):61-72 |
|
|